Ar-Rum

Ar-Rum (Arabic: الروم‎, ’ar-rūm meaning: The Romans) is the  30th chapter of the Quran. It consists of 60 verses. The term Rûm originated in the word "Romans" and in the time of Prophet Muhammad referred to the Byzantine Greeks (Eastern Roman Empire), hence the title is sometimes also translated as "The Greeks" or "The Byzantines"
The Surah provides information on how the cataclysmic Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 looked to the Mecca Arabs, interested onlookers who were still unaware that within a single generation they themselves would enter the game of empire and defeat both Persians and Byzantines
Summary

1-5 Prophecy concerning the ultimate triumph of the Greeks over the Persians
6-7 God's power manifest in nature
8-9 The Quraish heed not the warnings of God
10-12 The despair of the infidels in the resurrection
13-15 The righteous and wicked shall be separated on the judgment-day
16-17 God to be worshipped at stated periods
18 The changes in nature a proof of the resurrection
19-26 Various signs of God's omnipotence
27-28 The idolaters convinced of folly by reference to their own customs
29-31  Muhammad exhorted to follow the orthodox faith and to avoid idolatry
32-35 The ingratitude of idolaters, who call on God in adversity but forget him in prosperity
36-38 Muslims exhorted to charity
39 The idols unable to create and preserve life
40-41 God's judgments follow man's iniquity
42 Exhortation to repentance before the judgment
42-44 The separation of the wicked and the just in the judgmentday; rewards and punishments
45 God's goodness in his providence a sign to men
46 Those who rejected the former prophets were punished
47-49 God's mercy manifest in his works
50 A blasting wind sufficient to harden the hearts of the unbelievers
51-52 Muhammad unable to make the dead to hear or the blind to see
53 God the Creator
54-57 Believers and unbelievers on the resurrection-day
58 The parables of the Quran rejected
59 Unbelievers are given over to blindness
60 Muhammad encouraged to steadfastness in the true religion

The surah begins by noting the recent defeat of the Byzantines by the Persians in Jerusalem near the dead sea.